OverviewOperating conditionsPrincipleOperationMaterialsConsiderationsApplicationsResearch
SOEC modules can operate in three different modes: exothermic, endothermic and thermoneutral. In exothermic mode, the stack temperature increases during operation due to heat accumulation, and this heat is used for inlet gas preheating. Therefore, an external heat source is not needed while the electrical energy consumption increases. In the endothermic stack operation mode, there is an increase in heat energy consumption and a reduction in electrical energy consumption and hydrogen productio
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